Food Intolerance vs. Food Allergy

Food intolerance and food allergy are often confused, but they are distinct conditions.

Here's a breakdown of their key differences:  

Food Intolerance

• Immune system involvement: Does not involve the immune system.  

• Symptoms: Typically limited to the digestive system, causing symptoms like bloating, gas, diarrhea, or constipation.  

• Severity: Usually less severe than food allergies.  

• Triggers: Can be caused by a variety of factors, including enzyme deficiencies (like lactose intolerance), sensitivity to food additives, or naturally occurring chemicals in foods.  

• Treatment: Often managed by avoiding the offending food or using specific dietary strategies.  

Food Allergy

• Immune system involvement: Involves an overreaction of the immune system, treating the food as a harmful invader.  

• Symptoms: Can affect multiple body systems, including the skin (hives, eczema), respiratory system (wheezing, difficulty breathing), and digestive system (vomiting, diarrhea). In severe cases, can lead to anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction.  

• Severity: Can be mild to severe, with the potential for anaphylaxis.  

• Triggers: Caused by a specific protein in the food, even in small amounts.  

  Treatment: Requires strict avoidance of the allergen. In severe cases, epinephrine (adrenaline) may be prescribed as an emergency treatment.  

If you suspect you have a food intolerance or allergy, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and management.